Law and ethics

Legal and Ethical Civil War Collecting

Collect records and lawful provenance, not archaeological context stolen from the public.

Legal ownership and archaeological context are part of authenticity, not administrative details.

Protected public lands

National Park Service battlefield and archaeological resources are protected. Relic hunting, possessing metal detectors, digging, and removing historic objects are prohibited on NPS property. Other federal, state, tribal, local, cemetery, and battlefield lands have additional rules.

Private land is not automatic permission

Obtain the landowner’s informed permission and confirm state and local law, easements, cemetery protections, archaeological restrictions, and ownership of recovered material. Document where, when, by whom, and under what permission an object was recovered.

Unknown ordnance

Never touch, move, clean, transport, mail, or sell an unknown shell, fuze, cartridge, grenade, explosive component, or potentially loaded weapon. Keep people away and contact local authorities.

Human remains and funerary material

Do not collect, buy, sell, or disturb human remains or grave-associated material. Contact appropriate authorities and descendant or tribal communities as required by law and ethical practice.

Confederate and racist material

Historical objects can document slavery, white supremacy, secession, violence, emancipation, resistance, and postwar memory. Describe context accurately rather than sanitizing or glorifying it.

Not legal advice: Laws vary by jurisdiction and object. Consult qualified authorities before excavation, transfer, import, export, transport, or sale.