Historical timeline

Civil War Material Culture Timeline

Date the object within the war, then determine whether its claimed use belongs to the same moment.

The war ran from 1861 to 1865, but collectible material also includes the sectional crisis before it and veterans’ memory for decades afterward.

Before 1861

Sectional crisis

Abolition, slavery, political campaigns, militia culture, secession, newspapers, broadsides, maps, and family archives.

1861

Mobilization

Recruiting, camps, early uniforms, commissions, patriotic covers, photographs, letters, newspapers, and rapid procurement.

1862

Expansion and hard war

Hospitals, prisons, major campaigns, local aid, mourning, fiscal strain, and the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.

1863

Emancipation and USCT service

United States Colored Troops recruitment, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, draft resistance, currency, photographs, and family correspondence.

1864

Mass campaigns and election

Overland and Atlanta campaigns, prisons, presidential politics, veterans, short-service units, and deepening home-front strain.

1865

End of war and beginning of memory

Surrender, assassination, mustering out, emancipation, occupation, return home, pensions, mourning, and immediate memorial culture.

After 1865

Veterans and commemoration

GAR, UCV, reunions, monuments, battlefield tourism, memoirs, regimental histories, veterans’ portraits, badges, ribbons, and contested memory.